人体对室内空气污染物接触量的评价可以采用个体采样器进行采样测定,从而掌握个人的环境接触量。也可以进行人体的生物材料监测,即选择性地测定呼出气、血、尿、或毛发中的污染物含量,从而了解人体内的实际吸收量。
Individual sampler can be used to measure the exposure of human body to
indoor air pollutants, so as to master the personal environmental
exposure. It can also monitor biomaterials of human body, that is,
selectively determine the content of pollutants in exhaled air, blood,
urine, or hair, so as to understand the actual absorption of human body.
污染物的室内实际浓度主要取决于污染源的排出量。此外,还与气象因子、室内通风效果、污染物自身演变转化的规律有关。
The actual indoor concentration of pollutants mainly depends on the
discharge of pollution sources. In addition, it is also related to
meteorological factors, indoor ventilation effect, and the evolution and
transformation of pollutants themselves.
有些国家已制定了几项室内污染物的卫生标准。中国已正式公布公共场所卫生管理条例,尚未公布其他的有关室内空气质量的卫生标准。
Some countries have developed several sanitary standards for indoor
pollutants. China has officially promulgated regulations on the
administration of public health, but has not yet published other
standards on indoor air quality.
室内空气污染的防治措施主要是消除或控制污染源;加强室内自然通风或机械通风;对能散发出有害因子的物品尽可能放置于室外若干时间,待充分散发后再放置室内。
The prevention and control measures of indoor air pollution are mainly
to eliminate or control the pollution source; strengthen indoor natural
ventilation or mechanical ventilation; put the articles that can emit
harmful factors outdoors for a number of times as far as possible, and
then place indoors after filling and dispersing.